Q: I heard somewhere a long time ago that lipstick is made out of fish scales. This are known as Sharpey fibers. Other fish use collagen like Arapaima does, but the collagen layers in Arapaima scales are thicker than in any other fish species. Many groups of bony fishes, including pipefish, seahorses, boxfish, poachers, and several families of sticklebacks, have developed external bony plates, structurally resembling placoid scales, as protective armour against predators. Each placoid scale consists of a flattened rectangular base plate which is embedded in the fish, and variously developed structures, such as spines, which project posteriorly on the surface. In the Skates (Rajidae) they are scattered in patches across the pectorals and on the head. [28] The development process begins with an accumulation of fibroblasts between the epidermis and dermis. [48], Along with marine applications, the aerospace industry can also benefit from these biomimetic designs. Scutes are similar to scales and serve the same function. The other morph has its jaw twisted to the right, which makes it easier to eat scales on its victim's left flank. [34] The first is a scale in which ridges are placed laterally down the shark and parallel with the flow of the water. Some species of flatfishes have ctenoid scales on the eyed side and cycloid scales on the blind side, while other species have ctenoid scales in males and cycloid scales in females. The patches of the matrix of the scale that are not ossified are composed of compacted collagen that allow it to maintain the union with the mesenchyme. There are many examples of biomimetic materials and surfaces based on the structure of aquatic organisms, including sharks. Instead, when the animal’s growth opens up a large enough space between two or more denticles, a new one grows to fill the space. The relative abundance of the two morphs in populations is regulated by frequency-dependent selection. And the scales of the Mahseer (Borbus sp.) Most bony fishes are covered with the cycloid scales of salmon and carp, or the ctenoid scales of perch, or the ganoid scales of sturgeons and gars. Even in those fish that have scales, they do not always cover the whole body. Every fish that we know of has different types of fish scales regardless of how big or small they may be because that is just how they are made. In other fish, some (as in the Flounder, Platichthys flesus) or all (as in the Diamond Flounder, P. stellatus) are modified into bony tubercles. of India can exceed 7cm (3 inches) in diametre.Fish Scale EvolutionThe scales of modern fish are embedded in (and grow out of) the dermis and are covered entirely by the epidermis. It is often described as coming in two forms: ‘Ctenoid’, which have a set of fine teeth along the posterior edge and ‘Cycloid’, which are simply rounded on the outer/posterior edge.However there are intermediate forms and these two terms are really just adjectives that represent the extremes of a continuum.The scales of a fish may be all of one kind (perch have ctenoid scales while herrings, minnows and trout all have cycloid scales) or both type of scales may be found on the same fish. Even in those fish that have scales, they do not always cover the whole body.The size and distribution of scales over a fish’s body often, but not always, reflect the way it lives.Thus fish that swim quickly, or that live in fast flowing waters (Trout, Tuna etc), tend to have small scales. Some cultures use the ink in food coloring and flavoring as well. The skin of fish is made up of two distinct layers, viz. 4 Roadkill in Lipstick, Eye Shadow, and Soap. Cartilaginous fishes (sharks and rays) are covered with placoid scales. Apart from the placoid scales of sharks and rays, fish scales are mostly flat and thin. One of dense bone, one of spongy bone, one of dentine and one of enamel. The alligator gar has a tough armouring of rhomboidal-shaped ganoid scales.[20]. Out of both the low and high-profile samples tested, the low profile vortex generators outperformed the current smooth wing structures by 323%. To confuse things further, scale morphologies are not unique to taxa, and may be indistinguishable on the same area of two different species. Unlike ganoid scales, further scales are added in concentric layers as the fish grows.[22]. If you were to observe these scales on the body of fish, they would look like they’re embedded in the outer layer of the skin in a regular and overlapping fashion. Seahorses lack scales but have thin skin stretched over a bony plate armour arranged in rings through the length of their bodies. In order to understand why fishermen from the coasts of Borneo and Sumatra used to save fish scales among other fish parts to make glue, you have to understand the chemical composition of fish scales. A Dictionary of Zoology . [27] The circumference of the scales grows first, followed by thickness when overlapping layers mineralize together.[27]. I've been stuck here on planet Earth for some decades now. [27] Development starts near the caudal fin, along the lateral line of the fish. [33] Denticles contain riblet structures that protrude from the surface of the scale; under a microscope this riblet can look like a hook or ridges coming out of the scale. However the fossil evidence suggests that their distant ancestors did have some.Placoid ScalesScales evolved separately in the cartilaginous fish and in bony fish. Scales occur on fishes and reptiles. 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